{"id":170,"date":"2013-08-12T16:50:20","date_gmt":"2013-08-12T13:50:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.erzurumname.com\/?p=170"},"modified":"2022-10-24T20:00:56","modified_gmt":"2022-10-24T17:00:56","slug":"imami-azam-ebu-hanifenin-hayati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.erzurumname.com\/?p=170","title":{"rendered":"\u0130MAMI AZAM EBU HAN\u0130FE’N\u0130N HAYATI"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"mamzam3\"<\/a><\/p>\n

EBU HANIFE<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 (hicri 80\/150 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0 miladi 700\/767)<\/h4>\n

\u0130mam \u00c2zam (b\u00fcy\u00fck imam) l\u00e2kab\u0131yla bilinen, Eb\u00fb Hanife k\u00fcnyesiyle me\u015fhur Num\u00e2n b. S\u00e2bit b. Zevta (Z\u00fbta) mutlak m\u00fcctehid ve f\u0131k\u0131hta Hanefi mezhebinin imam\u0131.<\/h4>\n

Eb\u00fb Hanife, K\u00fbfe\u2019de hicr\u00ee 80 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fdu. Num\u00e2n ve ailesinin Arap olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesindir; onun Farisi veya T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu seklinde de\u011fi\u015fik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler vard\u0131r(Genel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Farisi oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir). Dedesi Z\u00fbta, Teym b. Sa\u2019lebeogullari kabilesinin \u00e2zatl\u0131s\u0131 olup, Hz. Ali zaman\u0131nda K\u00e2bil\u2019den K\u00fbfe\u2019ye gelerek; orada yerle\u015fti. Z\u00fbta\u2019nin oglu S\u00e2bit de K\u00fbfe\u2019de ipek ve y\u00fcn kuma\u015f ticaretiyle u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu bir ortamda yeti\u015fen Num\u00e2n b. S\u00e2bit k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yasta Kur\u2019\u00e2n-i Ker\u00eem\u2019i hifzetti. Kir\u00e2ati, yedi kurr\u00e2dan biri olarak tan\u0131nan \u0130mam \u00c2s\u0131m\u2019dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 riv\u00e2yet edilir (Ibn Hacer Heytem\u00ee, Hayratu\u2019l Hisan, 265) Num\u00e2n gen\u00e7li\u011fini ticaretle ge\u00e7irdikten sonra \u0130mam Sa\u2019b\u00ee (20\/104)\u2019nin tavsiye ve deste\u011fiyle \u00f6\u011frenimine devam etti. Arap\u00e7a, edebiyat, sarf ve nahiv, \u015fiir \u00f6\u011frendi. Yeti\u015fti\u011fi K\u00fbfe \u015fehri ve b\u00fct\u00fcn Irak b\u00f6lgesi m\u00fcslim-gayrim\u00fcslim bir\u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin, itik\u00e2di f\u0131rkalar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, itikadla ilgili ate\u015fli tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 rey ehlinin yerle\u015fti\u011fi bir \u015fehirdi. Dindar bir ailede yeti\u015fen Eb\u00fb Hanife\u2019nin de bu itik\u00e2di tart\u0131\u015fmalara zaman zaman kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuvvetle muhtemeldir.<\/h4>\n

Hocas\u0131 Hamm\u00e2d b. Eb\u00ee S\u00fcleyman, Ibrahim en-Neha\u00ee ve Sa\u2019b\u00ee gibi iki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e2limden f\u0131k\u0131h okudu. Abdullah b. Mes\u2019ud ve Hz. Ali\u2019nin f\u0131kh\u0131na sahip Kadi Sureyh, Alkame b. Kays, Mesruk b. el-Ecda\u2019in f\u0131kh\u0131ndan faydalandi. Eb\u00fb Hanife\u2019nin f\u0131kh\u0131nda daha ziy\u00e2de Ibrahim en-Neha\u00ee okulunun tesiri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Dehlev\u00ee, \u201cHanefi fikhinin kaynagi, Ibrahim Neha\u00ee\u2019nin kavilleridir\u201d der (Sah Veliyullah Dehlev\u00ee, Huccetullah\u2019il B\u00e2liga, i, 146). Ayr\u0131ca Eb\u00fb Hanife, \u201cistihsan\u201d kullanmada tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz bir ilim elde etmi\u015ftir. Onun t\u00e2cir olarak halkin g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131yla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e olusu ve sIk sIk ilim merkezlerine seyahat edip bir\u00e7ok \u00e2lim ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finde bulunmas\u0131, bu alanda sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. Hac seyahatlerinde t\u00e2bi\u00een \u00e2limlerinin ileri gelenleriyle g\u00f6r\u00fcsm\u00fcs, ilm\u00ee sohbetlerde bulunmu\u015f, onlardan hadis dinlemi\u015ftir. At\u00e2 b. Eb\u00ee Reb\u00e2h, Atiyye el-Avfi, Abdurrahman b. H\u00fcrm\u00fcz el-A\u2019rec, Ikrime, N\u00e2fi\u2019, Kat\u00e2de bunlardan bazilaridir (Zeheb\u00ee, Men\u00e2kibu\u2019l-Im\u00e2m Ebi Hanife ve Sahiheyni Ebi Y\u00fbsuf ve Muhammed b. el-Hasen, Misir). Kendisi s\u00f6yle der: \u201cHz. \u00d6mer\u2019in f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131, Hz. Ali\u2019nin f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131, Abdullah b. Mes\u2019ud\u2019un ve Abdullah Ibn Abb\u00e2s\u2019\u0131n f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131 onlar\u0131n ash\u00e2b\u0131ndan ald\u0131m\u201d (M. Eb\u00fb Zehra, Eb\u00fb Hanife, 44).<\/h4>\n

Eb\u00fb Hanife, hil\u00e2fet 132 y\u0131l\u0131nda Abb\u00e2silere ge\u00e7inceye kadar Irak\u2019tan Hic\u00e2z\u2019a gitti; orada M\u00e2lik b. Enes (179) ve Sufy\u00e2n b. Uyeyne gibi ileri gelen imamlarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; hacca gelen \u00e7e\u015fitli merkezlerin \u00e2limleriyle irtibat kurdu, 136 y\u0131l\u0131nda Abb\u00e2si y\u00f6neticisi Eb\u00fb C\u00e2fer el-Mansur\u2019un basa ge\u00e7mesiyle K\u00fbfe\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Ama onu da tasvip etmedi; ehl-i beyt lehine fetv\u00e2 verdi (M. Zemahser\u00ee, el-Kess\u00e2f, ii, 232). \u00c7a\u011fdas\u0131 Imam C\u00e2fer el-S\u00e2d\u0131k ile m\u00fct\u00e2bakat\u0131 vard\u0131r. Iki y\u0131l onun meclisinde bulunmu\u015f ve, \u201cbu ikiy\u0131l olmasa Num\u00e2n hel\u00e2k olurdu\u201d demi\u015ftir. Hicr\u00ee i50 y\u0131l\u0131nda vef\u00e2t etti\u011finde yak\u0131nlar\u0131na, \u201cSultan\u0131n gasbetti\u011fi hi\u00e7bir yere g\u00f6m\u00fclmemesini\u201d vasiyet etmi\u015ftir.<\/strong>Im\u00e2m-\u0131 Azam baz\u0131 riv\u00e2yetlere g\u00f6re i\u015fkence edilirken, zehirlenerek \u015fehid edilmi\u015ftir. D\u00e2v\u00fbd b. el-V\u00e2sit\u00ee\u2019nin nakline g\u00f6re her g\u00fcn hapiste ona ba\u015fkad\u0131 olmas\u0131 teklifi yap\u0131l\u0131r, o her defas\u0131nda reddeder, b\u00f6ylece sonunda yeme\u011fine zehir kat\u0131larak \u015fehid edilir. Ibn el-Bezz\u00e2zi de Eb\u00fb Hanife\u2019nin hapisten \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p evine d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, ancak devletin onu halkla temastan engelledi\u011fini ve evinde g\u00f6zetim alt\u0131nda tutuldu\u011funu zikreder (el-Bezz\u00e2zi, Men\u00e2kibu\u2019l-Im\u00e2m\u0131\u2019l-A\u2019zam, II, i5)<\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EBU HANIFE\u00a0\u00a0 (hicri 80\/150 \u2013\u00a0 miladi 700\/767) \u0130mam \u00c2zam (b\u00fcy\u00fck…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1430,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9,136],"tags":[76,77,75,78],"class_list":["post-170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-imam-i-azam-ebu-hanife","category-manevi-onderlerimiz","tag-ebuhanife","tag-hanefi-mezhebi","tag-imami-azam","tag-numan-bin-sabit","wpcat-1-id","wpcat-9-id","wpcat-136-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.erzurumname.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.erzurumname.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.erzurumname.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.erzurumname.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.erzurumname.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=170"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.erzurumname.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1431,"href":"http:\/\/www.erzurumname.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170\/revisions\/1431"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.erzurumname.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.erzurumname.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.erzurumname.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.erzurumname.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}